Franchising Starbucks - 3137 Words

We have been required to do a research on franchising of Starbucks Coffee in Malaysia. Below is our report on it. The term franchise originated from a French word, meaning â€Å"free from servitude.† A franchise can be defined as a legal agreement in which an owner (franchisor), agree to grant rights or privileges (license) to someone else (franchisee) to sell the products or services under set specific conditions. Speaking of franchises, it is usually referring to business format franchises. Such a franchise is essentially a business clone. But there are many varieties of business arrangements within a franchise system. According to a publication by IFA (International Franchise Association) Educational Foundation, all of those†¦show more content†¦To date, the company has 88 outlets in Malaysia (58 in Klang Valley, 11 in Penang, 4 in Johor Bahru, 1 in Pahang, 2 in Malacca, 2 in Negeri Sembilan, 1 in Perak, 2 in Kedah, 3 in Sabah, 1 in Sarawak and 3 in Genting Highlands). Table 1.1 Growth of Starbucks Coffee worldwide Year Starbucks Store Total at Fiscal Year End Growth (%) 1971 1 - 1987 17 94.1 1988 33 48.5 1989 55 40 1990 86 36 1991 116 25.9 1992 165 19.6 1993 272 39.3 2994 425 39.8 1995 677 37.2 1996 1015 33.3 1997 1412 28.1 1998 1886 25.1 1999 2498 24.5 2000 3501 28.6 2001 4709 25.7 2002 5886 20 2003 7225 18.5 2004 8569 15.7 2005 10241 16.3 2006 12440 17.6 2007 15756 21 *source: Starbucks Historical Summary of Store Counts, http://starbucks.com.my/en-US/ Franchising provides the means for expansion of a business by providing opportunities to franchisees, primarily by territory expansion agreement. Franchise provides rapid expansion with limited capital to a company. The franchisors doesn’t need to have a lot of capital to expand their business world wide, they provide the image and all the methods of doing the business while the Franchisees provide the bulk of capital by buying the ideas from the Franchisor. Franchise is also a sophisticated form of capital raising method. No other form of capital rising allows a business to expand without giving up equity, paying interest making lease payments. The franchisor may choose to incest excess capital for the benefit of theShow MoreRelatedFranchising Benefits And Strategies Of Franchising1410 Words   |  6 PagesFranchising It is said that today there is a total of 750,000 franchise establishments within the U.S. itself. Franchising is a long-term agreement between two parties, and is when the franchisor grants the franchisee the right to use a trademark or trade name in a business process. In a franchise agreement the franchisee would in most cases purchase or lease the trademark or logo from the franchisor. 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Traumatic Effects And Responses Of The United States

Traumatic Effects and Responses Abstract There have been growing cases of traumatic effects and responses in the United States. While most agree that this increasing incident deserves concrete attention, consensus dissolves around how to handle the difficulties of handling traumatic effects and responses. This research paper will discuss the traumatic effects and responses with its related difficulties and treatment options with the inclusion of biblical concepts and principles. From a medical perspective, trauma has affected the lives of millions of people from across the world whereby they suffer silently without the hope of getting effective treatment. However, spirituality and religion has changed the medical landscape in regards to trauma because traumatic patients can finally experience a fulfilling life without any fear of traumatic reminders crippling the quality of their lives. To explore the outcome of spirituality and religion, this research paper will explain in detail the benefits of patients engaging in relig ious teachings and spiritual rituals in boosting their inner being. Trauma Its termed as an emotional aftermath because of major events such as war, rape, kidnapping, abuse or surviving a natural calamity that an individual directly experienced. Traumatic reactions are usually normal but in some instances, it can be severe whereby the individual experiences flashbacks, memory lapse, headaches or nausea (Levers, 2012). Medical professionals termShow MoreRelated Sexual Assault Among Women In the United States Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesWomen In the United States Sexual Assault described in technical terms is defined as any sort of sexual activity between two or more people in which one of the people involved is involved against his or her will. 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Baritone Essay Example For Students

Baritone Essay The baritone has a long history. It all started in the early 18th century with an instrument called the serpent. This snake-like tube was made of either wood, brass or silver, and its tuning wasnt good. It had six finger holes (valves wernt ivented yet) in the beginning, but later more were added. It was used in military bands as a marching bass, but it could also be found supporting the bass part in church choirs. Players of the serpent needed to be extraordinary musicians, because when put in less talented hands it sounded horrible. The serpent had an undistinguished life, although some people still play it today, and was replaced in 1821 by a brass instrument, produced by a French company called Halary, that was a combination of the modern bassoon and baritone saxophone called the ophicleide. The ophicleide used keys (instead of the finger holes of the serpent). It became popular and was made in several sizes and keys, but by the end of the century, it had almost disappeared. Around 1815, valves were invented by Heinrick Stolzel and Friedrick Blushmel. Valves improved intonation and pitch, and made almost all modern brass instruments possible. At that time, the technology was new, and it was not until 1823 that a horn similar to the euphonium was used.The 1860s and 1870s were a major time of improvement for the euphonium, beginning when Professor Phasey of Kneller Hall, England, enlarged the bore of the instrument. Soon after that, over the shoulder euphoniums began to appear, and in 1874, the compensating valve system, invented by David Blaikley, made pitch better. The 1880s brought even more variety to the baritone/euphonium scene with the addition of the large bore Kaiserbariton, and the famous double-belled euphonium of Meredith Wilsons The Music Man. Not much happened in the development of the modern euphonium between 1888 and 1921, because people had decided that there was enough variety and there was no longer a need for new instruments. Baritones were taken out of wind bands and essentially limited to brass bands. Euphoniums however, became standard equipment for any military, marching, or concert band. Bibliography:jfdlksa;jkl;cjkopawrdjkld

Case Analysis Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Case Analysis for Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction The Case describes a situation where high industry demand of a particular product lead to problematic operational and supply chain issues for a manufacturing company. Hawkesbury Cabinets is a manufacturing company that provides kitchen solutions. Currently the industry has demand for two types of kitchen solutions; custom made solutions and standard solutions. Fung Chen, who founded Hawkesbury Cabinets had foreseen this demand and thus started the manufacturing company with an objective to reap the profits of the high industry growth. The focus of their strategy was to make quick profit that was possible through custom made cabinets as the profit margins were high in that segment. But since the industry demand for standard cabinets was high too, they manufactured standard solutions also (Gilmour, 2013). Since the company had only a single manufacturing facility and a sole strategy to make quick profits, the manufacturing facility was bound to find itself under supply demand pressure soon. On top of that, there were a third segment of cabinets solutions was catching up in the industry known as the builders kitchen. This case analysis covers the aspects as to what Hawkesbury Cabinets need to consider while making this decision. Case Analysis Whenever a manufacturing company starts in a high demand industry, it faces a huge dilemma in terms of what approach to choose (Meredith, 2015). Whether to follow a quick profit through high margins approach or a sustainable growth with normal or low profit margins. The latter seems to be sustainable but the risk of a competitor getting into the industry and taking the market share is high. Hawkesbury Cabinets took the former approach where they tried to make profits through manufacturing of higher profit margins segment i.e. the custom cabinets solutions. They also manufactured the standard cabinets solutions but raw material, manufacturing, lead-time priorities were given to custom solutions. This resulted in a higher lead-time for standard cabinets. Since the demand was ever growing, soon the facility found itself under deadlock where lead time for both the segments increased since the operations and supply chain were not optimized and were just prioritized (Aghazadeh, Hafeznezami ,Najjar Huq, 2011). The manufacturing facility had a very simple design with flexible machines that could produce both custom cabinets and standard cabinets. Also the facility layout of the Mulgrave manufacturing facility was designed in such a way that all the frequently used machines such as saws, cutting tables, routers etc. were kept separate from lesser-used machines such as lathes. Human resources were also capable of building both the product types. The problem lied in the tasks scheduling. Instead of scheduling tasks based on the nature of work, the scheduling was done on the basis of priority. Custom made cabinets always got a higher priority than the standard cabinets. Thus, all the tasks were done for the custom made cabinets and then they were done for standard cabinets. This eventually led to an increased lead time for the standard solutions and also a higher WIP inventory and unnecessarily held on the resources. Since the manufacturing facility was already under pressure due to increase i n raw material WIP, costs and eventually leading to lower margins, the addition of this third product line could prove dangerous for the companys financials and operations if a proper strategy was not undertaken (Sabharwal,Syal Hastak, 2009). Hence, Fung and Chen did not understand the fact that in order to accommodate in ever increasing industry demand and to include additional product line, the manufacturing facility needs a lot of changes (Williams, 2011). At this point if Fung and Chen start the additional product line, the company would run into bigger problems such as increased lead time, lack of resources in terms of space, craftsman etc. Thus before adding the third product line, the manufacturing facility needs a lot of changes and optimization efforts. Following are some of the factors that Fung and Chen need to consider Financial Investment Adding a 3rd product line will definitely require additional investment in terms of expanding the facility with more machines, craftsman and raw materials. This investment would reduce the profit margins but will be beneficial in the long run (Pagell Shevchenko, 2014). Also the breakeven point would arrive a lot later than before. But this approach will be beneficial to sustain and grow in the industry Skilled Craftsmen In order to be a successful manufacturing company producing multiple product lines, the craftsmen must be highly skilled and experienced. Also, human resource management will have to be considered as when the company grows, human resources issues such as employee satisfaction, organizational behavior comes into picture (Nachiappan Anantharaman, 2006). Thus, skilled craftsman and a proper human resource management systems would be required Facility layout and process scheduling The tasks scheduling and facility layout needs a complete transformations and it should not be priority based. It should be tasks based irrespective of the profit margins (Seuring, 2013). Also since the demand is likely to increase in future, maintaining the quality along with producing quantity would be crucial Raw material procurement Since the scheduling should be based on the tasks, the raw material procurement is also a major point of concern (Vokurka Davis, 2004). Since the priority is not longer on higher profit margin product lines, a proper proportion of all the three product line orders must be there in order to maintain profitability and also maintain the share in the industry Conclusion All the above changes are required to in order to be sustainable in the industry that is ever growing and is likely to see huge competition in the coming future. Thus, a strategy change is required and the approach from quick profit making to a sustainable manufacturing facility is required (Beamon, 1999). This is not an easy approach because the profit margins for the company will reduce drastically and it will be difficult to maintain the same organizational strength and courage with a reduction in profit margins. But Fung and Chen should be focused more on the future of this industry rather than the present. For both to be successful in this strategy, it will be highly helpful if they could separate the manufacturing facility with custom cabinets being manufactured in one facility and the standard and the builders kitchen manufacturing in another facility. This would increase the investment substantially but will maintain the profitability in the custom cabinets and also help in gathering market share in the other two product lines. Since, there is enough demand in the market, the facility should not worry about the order and should soon find itself on the right path of sustainable growth. Based on the above discussion it can be said that the organization should have a plan to increase the scale of its operations. With the use of Information Technology in its Supply Chain, the organization can actually obtain a balance between the efficiency and responsiveness of its supply chain. In the end, the important thing is that the scalability of operations should not compromise the profitabilit y of the business. References Aghazadeh,S., Hafeznezami,S., Najjar,L., Huq, Z. (2011). The influence of work cells and facility layout on the manufacturing efficiency.Journal of Facilities Management, 9(3), 213 224. Beamon, B. (1999). Measuring supply chain performance.International Journal of Operations Production Management, 19(3), 275 292. Gilmour, P., 2013. Benchmarking supply chain operations.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. H., Williams, T. (2011). Now, let's make it really complex (complicated) A systematic review of the complexities of projects.International Journal of Operations Production Management,31(9), 966-990. Nachiappan,R., Anantharaman, N. (2006). Evaluation of overall line effectiveness (OLE) in a continuous product line manufacturing system. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 17(7), 987 1008. Pagell, M. and Shevchenko, A., 2014. Why research in sustainable supply chain management should have no future.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(1), pp.44-55. Simpson, D., Meredith, J., Boyer, K., Dilts, D., Ellram, L.M. and Leong, G.K., 2015. Professional, research, and publishing trends in operations and supply chain management.Journal of Supply Chain Management,51(3), pp.87-100. Sabharwal,A., Syal,M., Hastak, M. (2009). Impact of manufactured housing component assembly redesign on facility layout and production process.Construction Innovation, 9(1), 58 - 71. Seuring, S., 2013. A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), pp.1513-1520. Vokurka,R., Davis, R., (2004). Manufacturing strategic facility types.Industrial Management Data Systems, 104(6), 490 504.

Railway Requirements Analysis and Reservation Essay Example

Railway: Requirements Analysis and Reservation Essay Railway Reservation System Requirements Specification Table of Contents 1. Introduction3 1. 1Goals and Purpose3 1. 2Scope of Project3 1. 3Definiton Abbreviations4 1. 4 References 1. 5Overview4 2. Overall Description5 2. 1Product Perspective 2. 2 Product Function 2. 3 User Characteristics 2. 4 General Constraints 2. 5 Assumptions Dependencies 5 3. Specific Requirement6 3. 1External Interface Requirement6 3. 1. 1 User Interface 3. 1. 2 Hardware Interface 3. 1. 3 Software Interface 3. 1. 4 Communication Interface 3. 2Functional Reqiuerment7 3. 3Performance Requirement8 3. 4Design Requirement 3. Attributes 3. 6 Others Requiremnt 9 Requirement Specification Introduction The Railway Reservation System is an online application for assisting user or railway manager in managing reservation in a Railway Department. The system would provide basic set of features to conduct reservation or cancellation, train scheduling timing, search for available reservation, and manage check-in / checkout pr ocesses. The following document provides the key requirements specifications for the system based on the client’s statement of need. Goals and Purpose The Railway Reservation system would have the following key goals: Provide a GUI for user to interface with the backend database Screens to reservation/cancellation database Screens to train schedule Screens to search for a train/seats based on user driven parameters Minimize the overall time 2 Scope of Project The main scope and deliverables of the project would be: Easy, Fast and efficient working Easy way for cancellation and reservation of the tickets. Get exact information about trains, available seat, charges, etc. Faster communication The key milestones and deliverables of the project would be as follows: |Tasks |Deliverable |Due date | |Prepare detailed user |User Requirements Specification |, 2008 | |requirements document | | | |Review the requirements and |Requirements Review Checklist | | |update the requirements document |Template. | | |and obtain client sign-off |Updated URS (Version 2. ) | | |High Level Design of application |HLDD | | |system | | | |Test Plan for application |Test Plan Document | | |Detailed Design Document |Unit Design Document | | |Prototype |Code GUI screens | | |Test Cases and Report |Test report | | |System Demo |Demonstration | | 1. 3. Definition Abbreviations AARS: Automated Railway Reservation System 3 References Railway reservation website Google Books 1. 5 Overview The product of the requirements elicitation process is requirements document, which include functional requirements, interface requirements, performance requirements, design constraints, Preliminary Object-Oriented D omain Analysis, operational scenarios and others requirements. Overall Description 1 Product Perspective We will write a custom essay sample on Railway: Requirements Analysis and Reservation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Railway: Requirements Analysis and Reservation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Railway: Requirements Analysis and Reservation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Automated Railway Reservation System diagram showing the overview of the system’s modules and the relationship of the system to external interfaces is presented in Figure 2. 1. [pic] Functions of System Components: Database: †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stores data †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Creates reports †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Provides access to data †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Updates information Server: †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Provides access to the database †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Authenticates users †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Processes reservations †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Performs backups †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Produces reports External Interfaces: Terminal †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Users use terminals to access the server †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Passengers and travel agents use terminals to reserve the tick ets and to get information about the available seats on particular trains. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Railroad administration may use terminals to see the reports generated by the database software. Personal Computers †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Users (passengers, travel agents, and railroad administration) may use personal computers to obtain a remote access to the server and the reservation database via the Internet. Cell Phones †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Server as a medium of accessing the server and the reservation database. †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Passengers may use cell phones and the latest telecommunication technologies to access the server and the reservation database via Internet, or they may use cell phones to call travel agents to inquire about railroad and ticket information. Computer Hardware and Peripheral Equipment to be used: †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   32 workstations, which include CPUs, monitors, keyboards, and mice †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Printers †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Network †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Terminals †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cell phones to test connection to the server via remote access 2 Product Functions. The product main function is to provide functionality to overcome the problem which is faced by the existing system. This product helps any type of user to know each and every thing regarding reservation in any train. It also helps to provide information regarding railways by means of phone so that work can done fast and in very efficient manner. 3 User Characteristics The main users of the system will be the passengers buying train tickets, the travel agents that process reservations for passengers, and the CRM administration that access the reports generated by the system. The users are not required to have knowledge in the computer field. The graphical interface provides an easy way of using the ARRS system with minimum of training. 4 General Constraints. The Product is developed using Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0. The backend database for this SQL Server. The product is accomplished with login facility so that specific function is available to specific users . Under this hardware, software and design constraints we consider. 2. 5 Assumptions and dependencies The assumptions for the project are: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are five classes of tickets as listed below ?  ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sleeping (soft) compartment style coaches 4 passenger per compartment ?  ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sleeping (hard) compartment style coac hes 6 passenger per compartment ?  ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sitting (soft) typical first class coach ?  ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sitting (hard) tourist class couch ?  ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Standing (hard and soft sitting coaches only) †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reservation can be made up to one month before a particular trip. †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seats are assigned during reservation. †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Phone reservation involves tickets being purchased within 24 hours after making the reservation. Otherwise, the reservation will be cancelled. †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No reservations can be made 48 hours prior to the trip. Rather, it will be done on a first come first serve basis from that point on. †¢ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Passenger lists will be provided for conductors at each stop. 3. External Interface Requirement 3. 1. 1 User Interfaces User Interface plays the most important role for communication between user and software product. The interface should present and acquire information in a consistent fashion. 3. 1. 2 Hardware Interfaces ? Operating System: Windows XP/ME ? Processor: Pentium   3. 0 GHz ? RAM: 256 Mb ? Hard Drive: 10 GB 3. Software Interfaces  ¬Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Database: SQL Server.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Application: Visual Basic 3. 2. Functional Requirements This list of Functional and non functional requirements which are applicable to the Railway Reservation System. This s ection should describe a set of scenarios that illustrate, from the users perspective, what will be experienced when utilizing the system under various situations. In the broad sense, a scenario is simply a proposed specific use of the system. A set of scenarios is represented below_: Use Case: Indian Railways provides for advance reservation on all long-distance travel. The passenger seeking reservation of berth or seats should purchase the tickets from Railway Reservation Offices . To make an advance booking, the passenger is expected to fill in a prescribed application form and submit it to the reservation counter with the appropriate amount. Advanced Reservations are made up to 60 days in advance for all trains, for all classes exclusive of the day of departure of trains. An individual can book only up to six passengers on one requisition form provided all passengers are for the same destination and for the same train. Indian Railways wishes to develop a ticketing and reservation system. This must support advance booking of tickets, cancellation of tickets and change of class of a ticket. All these are handled by a Reservation Clerk. The system will also have a web-interface where users can register themselves and purchase tickets online. They can pay either by using their online banking account or by credit card or by VPP. Reservations made over the internet can only be cancelled across the counter. The system will also have a querying facility that allows users to check train time-tables, fares and availability of tickets. Identify the Actors:- The actors in the system are the passenger, the counter clerk and the reservation system consisting of form processing, reservation, fare computation, ticket processing, ticket printing, collection of fare amount and posting as sub-systems. The passenger is a passive user–actor who initiates the process and obtains the ticket(s), a goal of measurable value. The counter clerk is an active user–actor, who triggers the system and has the role of issuing the tickets with the responsibility of collecting the correct fare amount from the passenger, which is a measurable value. Predesigned and deployed ticket reservation system at the back end is a system actor–user to ensure that ticket processing is done correctly and different system status are updated on issuing of tickets. This actor has an active role and responsibility at the back end. Table:- |User |Roles |Use Case | |1)Person |a)Enquiry |a)Enquire ticket availability and other | | |b)Reservation Ticketing |details. | |c)Cancellation |b)Reserve seats and berths, tickets | | | |c) Cancel tickets | |2)Counter clerk |a)Form data entry |a) Enter Reservation Requisition Form | | |b) Requisition processor booking |b) Process requisition for booking | | |c)Ticket processor |c)Process ticket to print | | |d) Data manager |d) Submits ticket data for updation | |3)Reservation and ticketing system |System server a) Process reservation data, process | | | |ticketing system ticketing process | | | |cancellation | | | |b) Update the status by date, train, etc. | The system has three users, eight roles and eleven use cases. To illustrate the Process of identifying the use cases, let us take the passenger (a user of the system). A passenger as a user may play one or more of three roles. The roles are 1. Enquiring about the availability of tickets on particular dates to a destination and the fare per ticket. The role is enquiring. 2. Reserving the ticket(s) on a particular train on particular date for a destination by requisitioning through a reservation form The role is reserving and booking tickets. 3. Cancelling the tickets after issuing and payment The role is cancelling 1) Use Case:Make Reservation Actors: Passenger, Reservation Clerk Purpose:Reserve a seat or berth Overview:Allows the user to make a reservation for a journey. Normal Flow: 1. User logs in 2. User specifies the train and journey details 3. User specifies passenger details 4. User specifies payment details 5. User confirms transaction 2) Use Case: Cancel Reservation Actors: Reservation clerk, Passenger Purpose: Cancel the ticket Overview:Allows the user to cancel a reservation for a journey. Normal Flow: 1. User logs in 2. User specifies the train and journey details. 3. Clerk checks the time and date of ticket 4. If date is passed there is no meaning of cancelation and if the date is not passed the clerk deducts some transaction fee and returns the remaining amount. 5. Ticket is cancelled. 3) Use Case: Modify class Actors: Reservation clerk, Passenger Purpose: Modify the ticket class Overview: Allows the user to modification of the class according to user demand for a journey. Normal Flow: 1. User logs in 2. User specifies the train and journey details. 3. User specifies payment details 4. User specifies the train detail according to class 4) Use Case: Print ticket Actors: Reservation clerk, passenger Purpose: print the ticket Overview: Allows the user to give the ticket to the passenger for a journey. Normal Flow: 1. User logs in. 2. User specifies the train and journey details. 3. User specifies payment details 4. Reservation clerk print the ticket according to users details 5) Use case: Query Timetable Actors: User, Query counter clerk Purpose: To give the details of train to the passenger for journey Normal Flow:- 1) User log in ) User specifies the particular train details 3) User gets the record according to the train 6) Use case: Check seat Availability Actors: User, Reservation Clerk Purpose: To give information regarding seat availability Normal Flow:- 1) User logs in. 2) User specifies Train details. 3) Check the available seats and reserved seats. 7) Use case: Check Fare Actors: User, Reservation counter clerk Purpose: To give the details of fare to the passenger for journey Normal Flow:- 1) User log in 2) User specifies the particular train details 3) Check the fare 4) User gets the record according to the train 5) Make the reservation 3 Performance Requirements The proposed system that we are going to develop will be used as the Chief performance system within the campus which interacts with the staff and students. Therefore, it is expected that the database would perform functionally all the requirements that are specified by the campus. 1. Design Requirements The proposed system is fully automated. It will give quick response and retrieval time. As everything is automated, not much of human help needed. The data is less questionable when working with computers. The calculations done are more precise and accurate. The processing is easy and usable. The new system is adaptable and can easily be changed according to the user’s need. There is no repetition of data occurs. The data is in Consistent state. 3. 4 Attributes Requirements

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